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* 3,500 Green Standard * Tai-Shan militias (balance) ---- Second Invasion Total: 25,000 foot, 2500 horse * 14,000 Green Standard * Tai-Shan militias (balance) ---- Third Invasion Total: 50,000 * 30,000 Bannermen and Mongols * 12,000 Green Standard * Tai-Shan militias (balance) ---- Fourth Invasion Total: 60,000 * 40,000 Bannermen/Mongols * Green Standard and Tai-Shan militias (balance) | strength2 = First Invasion Total: unknown * 2,000 foot, 200 horse (Royal Burmese Army) * Shan militia at Kengtung garrison ---- Second Invasion Total: unknown * 4500 foot, 200 horse (RBA) * Kaungton garrison ---- Third Invasion Total: ~30,000 foot, 2000 cavalry ---- Fourth Invasion Total: ~40,000 | casualties1 = 2nd campaign: ~20,000 3rd campaign: 30,000+ 4th campaign: 20,000+ Total: 70,000+ 2,500 captured | casualties2 = Unknown, but significantly less | casualties3 = | notes = }} The Sino-Burmese War ((中国語:中緬戰爭 or 清緬戰爭); (ビルマ語:တရုတ်-မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၇၆၅–၆၉))), also known as the Qing invasions of Burma or the Myanmar campaign of the Qing dynasty, was a war fought between the Qing dynasty of China and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). China under the Qianlong Emperor launched four invasions of Burma between 1765 and 1769, which were considered as one of his Ten Great Campaigns. Nonetheless, the war, which claimed the lives of over 70,000 Chinese soldiers and four commanders, is sometimes described as "the most disastrous frontier war that the Qing dynasty had ever waged", and one that "assured Burmese independence". Burma's successful defense laid the foundation for the present-day boundary between the two countries. At first, the Emperor envisaged an easy war, and sent in only the Green Standard troops stationed in Yunnan. The Qing invasion came as the majority of Burmese forces were deployed in their latest invasion of Siam. Nonetheless, battle-hardened Burmese troops defeated the first two invasions of 1765–1766 and 1766–1767 at the border. The regional conflict now escalated to a major war that involved military maneuvers nationwide in both countries. The third invasion (1767–1768) led by the elite Manchu Bannermen nearly succeeded, penetrating deep into central Burma within a few days' march from the capital, Ava (Inwa). But the bannermen of northern China could not cope with unfamiliar tropical terrains and lethal endemic diseases, and were driven back with heavy losses. After the close-call, King Hsinbyushin redeployed his armies from Siam to the Chinese front. The fourth and largest invasion got bogged down at the frontier. With the Qing forces completely encircled, a truce was reached between the field commanders of the two sides in December 1769. The Qing kept a heavy military lineup in the border areas of Yunnan for about one decade in an attempt to wage another war while imposing a ban on inter-border trade for two decades. The Burmese too were preoccupied with the Chinese threat, and kept a series of garrisons along the border. Twenty years later, when Burma and China resumed a diplomatic relationship in 1790, the Qing unilaterally viewed the act as Burmese submission, and claimed victory. Ultimately the main beneficiaries of this war were the Siamese, who reclaimed most of their territories in the next three years after having lost their capital Ayutthaya to the Burmese in 1767. ==Background== The long border between Burma and China had long been vaguely defined. The Ming dynasty first conquered Yunnan borderlands between 1380 and 1388, and stamped out local resistance by the mid-1440s. The Burmese control of the Shan States (which covered the present-day Kachin State, Shan State and Kayah State) came in 1557 when King Bayinnaung of Toungoo dynasty conquered all of the Shan States. The border was never demarcated in the modern sense, with local Shan ''sawbwas'' (chiefs) at the border regions paying tribute to both sides. The situation turned to China's favor in the 1730s when the Qing decided to impose a tighter control of Yunnan's border regions while the Burmese authority largely dissipated with the rapid decline of the Toungoo dynasty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sino-Burmese War (1765–69)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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